• The Chicago Style Q&A (Chicago)
The University of Chicago Press recommends that you cite ChatGPT and similar AI tools when you reproduce its words (quoted or paraphrased) and other content (e.g., images) within your own work.
NOTE: The latest Chicago recommendations for citing generative AI have been published in the new Chicago Manual of Style, 18th edition.
If content (text, images, etc.) generated by AI tools is included in your work, you should cite the tool's usage in your text or in a note.
Examples:
The following instructions for fixing a flat bicycle tire were generated by ChatGPT.
Here's an image generated with artificial intelligence:
Fig. 8. "Cityscape at sunset in graffiti style," image generated by Microsoft Bing Image Creator, July 25, 2023.
Examples:
1. Text generated by ChatGPT, OpenAI, July 5, 2023, https://chat.openai.com/chat.
If the prompt hasn’t been included in the text, it can be included in the note as follows:
2. ChatGPT, response to “Tell me how to fix a flat bicycle tire,” OpenAI, July 21, 2023, https://chat.openai.com/share/b139f195-93eb-447b-bc6d-2440a541ea71.
If you’ve edited AI-generated text, you should acknowledge this in your text or at the end of the note (e.g., edited for style and content).
If the same reference is used again, the shortened form of the note should be used.
Example:
3. ChatGPT, response to “Fix a flat bicycle tire,” World Wide Web.
If you’re using author-date style instead of notes, any information not provided in the text can be placed in a parenthetical text reference (see also CMOS 17:15.53)
Examples:
(ChatGPT, June 8, 2023).
(OpenAI's ChatGPT, response to prompt from author, February 22, 2023)
Chicago states that it is not necessary to cite generative AI tools in a bibliography or reference list, especially when a publicly available link is not available for the AI-generated content.
If you are required or would like to include generative AI citations in your bibliography or reference list, consider citing ChatGPT and similar AI tools like a personal communication such as an email, phone, or text conversation (see also CMOS 17:14.214).
Example:
ChatGPT. Response to “Tell me how to fix a flat bicycle tire.” OpenAI. July 21, 2023. https://chat.openai.com/share/b139f195-93eb-447b-bc6d-2440a541ea71.
The source of your images should be credited, including those generated by AI tools (see also CMOS 17:3.29-37). Images are not usually listed in a bibliography or reference list, but if included, consider using the following format for AI-generated images.
Example:
Bing Image Creator. Response to “Cityscape at sunset in graffiti style." Microsoft. July 25, 2023. https://th.bing.com/th/id/OUG.AD8AD7A2204A36063901D2CDEE831B23?rs=1&pid=ImgDetMain.
NOTE: Colour added to citation elements for illustrative purposes - should not be included in actual references