Grammar Guide

Semicolons

Semicolons are not interchangeable with commas or periods. Semicolons serve a few different purposes, but one rule always applies to semicolon use: the phrases on both sides of a semicolon must be able to stand alone as complete sentences.

Example: I went to bed early; I was tired. 

I went to bed early is a complete sentence, and so is I was tired. A period could be placed where the semicolon is and the two sentences would still make sense; however, there are several situations when a semicolon should be used instead of a period. 

One purpose of a semicolon is to help connect closely related ideas when punctuation stronger than a comma is needed.

Example: I went to the store for a pair of jeans; I ripped my favourite jeans while riding my bike.

In this example, the semicolon connects these two related ideas to indicate that the subject went to the store because they needed a new pair of jeans after ripping their favourite pair. We can use a semicolon in this sentence instead of using a comma and the subordinating conjunction because if we feel this improves the writing style, flow, or emphasis of the sentence. 

We also use semicolons with conjunctive adverbs to emphasize the relationship or contrast between two ideas. Some examples of conjunctive adverbs are also, however, otherwise, consequently, similarly, therefore, rather, and instead.

Example: Taylor considered lying about the broken vase; however, she decided to tell the truth.

The semicolon and the conjunctive adverb however emphasize the contrast between what Taylor considered doing and what she actually did. 

Finally, use a semicolon to separate items in a list when any of the items contain commas.

Example: He wants to travel to London, England; Paris, France; and Edinburgh, Scotland while in Europe. 

Because the items in this list already contain commas, it would be too confusing to also separate them with commas; instead, we use semicolons. 

 

Practice:

1. Find the two uses of a conjunctive adverb and semicolon in the Semicolons section (not including the examples). Write the sentences here:

2. Place a semicolon in the correct spot(s) of these sentences. 

1. The student planned to finish the assignment in time however, their computer crashed. 
2. Deandra planned to make spinach dip as an appetizer a delicious, gourmet meal of spaghetti and meatballs and a three tier, chocolate frosted cake for dessert.
3. I’m going to run a marathon I’ll need to buy new running shoes. 

 

Answers:

1. Two uses of a conjunctive adverb and semicolon:

1. A period could be placed where the semicolon is and the two sentences would still make sense; however, there are several situations when a semicolon should be used.
2. Because the items in this list already contain commas, it would be too confusing to also separate them with commas; instead, we use semicolons.

2. Semicolon in the correct spot(s):

1. The student planned to finish the assignment in time; however, their computer crashed. 
2. Deandra planned to make spinach dip as an appetizer; a delicious, gourmet meal of spaghetti and meatballs; and a three tier, chocolate frosted cake for dessert.
3. I’m going to run a marathon; I’ll need to buy new running shoes. 

 

Improve your writing and study skills! Book an appointment with a writing advisor and/or academic coach on OSCARplus.  Questions? Email skills@mcmaster.ca.